| Aspect | Essential Oils | Fragrance Oils |
|---|
| Source | Essential oils are derived directly from plants and do not contain any synthetic chemicals or additives, making them a safer, more natural option for skincare, aromatherapy and home use. | Fragrance oils are made from synthetic chemicals, with a single fragrance containing anywhere from 50 to 300 distinct chemicals. Moreover, a 1986 report by the National Academy of Sciences found that 95% of chemicals used in synthetic fragrances was derived from petroleum. Because they are artificial compounds, they may contain harmful additives. In fact, we can never be sure what makes up fragrance oils since manufacturers around the world are not legally required to list the individual ingredients that make up a fragrance. |
| Extraction Method | Steam distillation, cold pressing, solvent extraction, CO2 extraction, or resin tapping | Chemically synthesised in a lab |
| Scent Complexity | More subtle and complex, true to the plant's aroma | Stronger, artificial scent that lacks natural depth |
| Therapeutic Benefits | Many essential oils are well known for their therapeutic properties and health benefits, such as calming, anti-inflammatory, immune boosting, mood uplifting and more. These natural remedies have been used for centuries to support our overall health and wellbeing. | Fragrance oils are used solely to add artificial fragrance to a product and do not offer any therapeutic or health benefits. In fact, they are more than likely to be toxic and harmful. A 2018 study held by Breast Cancer Prevention Partners found that three quarters of toxic chemicals detected in a test of 140 products came from fragrances, with the chemicals identified linked to chronic health issues including cancer. |
| Safety for Skin | Many essential oils are gentle on the skin and, when diluted properly, can be used safely for various skin conditions including those prone to eczema or dermatitis. While some people may still react to specific essential oils or have irritation, essential oils are generally safer than fragrance oils, especially when properly diluted. Their natural origin means they lack the harsh chemicals that can irritate or harm the skin. | Fragance oils are more likely to cause skin irritation or allergic reactions, especially for those with sensitive skin conditions or allergies who are more vulnerable. This is because they contain synthetic chemicals that can irritate the skin, cause allergic reactions, or exacerbate conditions like eczema or dermatitis. It was found that fragrances and preservatives are the most frequent cause of contact dermatitis in adults and children. |
| Sustainability | Essential oils, especially those that are sustainably sourced, are a more eco-friendly option compared to fragrance oils. Although the sourcing and distillation of essential oils can be resource intensive, when sourced ethically and used properly, essential oils are a much more sustainable and earth friendly option. By their nature (ie. derived from plants), they are biodegradable, meaning they are a more environmentally friendly option than their synthetic counterparts. | Fragrance oils, being synthetic, can have a larger environmental footprint due to the chemicals and processes involved in their production. Fragrance oils are typically not biodegradable and can contribute to micropollutants, with long-term damage to wildlife and damage to our health. Moreover, as they are often made from non-renewable sources, the petrochemicals used in the production of fragrance oils contribute to environmental pollution. |
| Cost | Typically more expensive due to the natural extraction process | Usually less expensive because of synthetic production |
| Long-term Health Effects | Essential oils are commonly used in aromatherapy practices, which promote holistic wellness by supporting the mind, body and spirit. The natural compounds in essential oils can have profound effects on mood, emotional health and even physical ailments, making them a more comprehensive choice for those seeking natural health solutions. Essential oils are generally safe when used correctly. It is still important to follow relevant safety guidelines when using essential oils, including not using certain essential oils such as wintergreen, adequate dilution when applying topically, not exceeding the maximum dermal limit, not consuming essential oils and ventilating appropriately when diffusing essential oils in an indoor environment. | Long-term use of fragrance oils can have deterimental effects on our health. One of the main dangers of using fragrance oils is that they often contain undisclosed chemicals that can include phthalates and parabens, which have been linked to various health issues including disruption of hormones (as reported by the USA's Environmental Protection Agency), allergic reactions, migraine headaches and even cause or worsen respiratory issues such as asthma. Because fragrance oils often contain high levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), prolonged exposure to synthetic fragrances, especially when used in candles, diffusers or perfumes, can introduce harmful chemicals to your home environment and cause indoor air pollution. Inhaling fragrance molecules over time can lead to headaches, dizziness and more serious respiratory issues, particularly for those who are more vulnerable, including young children, elderly and pets. |
